Birds of a Feather––Indiana Migrations in Fall
As the crisp fall air sweeps over Indiana, the landscape undergoes a captivating transformation. While we revel in the vibrant colors of autumn leaves and embrace the cooler temperatures, a more subtle yet equally intriguing change unfolds above us. During this season, Indiana's bird populations experience significant shifts as migratory species journey through and local feathered residents ready themselves for the colder months ahead. This dynamic period offers birdwatchers a remarkable chance to witness the awe-inspiring bird patterns as they evolve.
A Phenomenal Journey
A common awareness this time of year is the lack of ruby-throated hummingbirds around backyard feeders. Interesting fact: the ruby-throated hummingbird is one of the most significant pollinators and is the only species of hummingbird that nests in Indiana. Fall in Indiana signifies the peak of bird migration. From early September through November, hundreds of bird species pass through the state. Some stop to rest before continuing their journey south, while others choose to settle in for the winter months. For those who are birdwatchers, this is an exciting time as the state becomes a temporary home to a diverse array of species.
Waterfowl Migrations
One of the most striking transformations is the significant influx of waterfowl. Indiana's wetlands, lakes, and rivers serve as vital stopover points for migrating ducks, geese, and swans. The Canada goose is an iconic presence, gliding through the sky in impressive, V-shaped formations. You can easily spot Northern pintails, wood ducks, and mallards along the shores of Indiana’s many lakes and rivers, where they rest and forage before resuming their journey southward.
The migration of these waterfowl is often coordinated with the changing temperatures and the availability of open water. As ponds and rivers begin to freeze further north, these birds move south in search of more hospitable environments. With its many marshes and wetlands, Indiana provides them with a vital rest stop on their long journeys.
The Natural Music Makers
Indiana also sees an influx of songbirds during the fall migration. Many species, including the yellow-rumped warbler, ruby-crowned kinglet, and Swainson’s thrush, migrate through the state to warmer southern habitats. These tiny travelers can often be seen flitting through trees and shrubs, feeding on insects and berries to build up their energy reserves for the next leg of their journey.
Among the most eagerly awaited songbirds of fall are the Eastern phoebe and American robin, which grace the skies of Indiana. While some robins journey to southern states for the winter, many stay in Indiana, particularly in urban areas where food is abundant. Their resilience can inspire us to thrive in our own environments. Not sure what bird you’re hearing? Download the free app Merlin Bird ID and hit record as it listens to the calls around you and instantly identifies the bird!
Majestic Hunters in the Sky
As fall arrives, one group that captures attention is the raptors! Hawks, eagles, and falcons start their journey south as the days get shorter and temperatures drop. In Indiana, the Broad-winged Hawk is a common sight, often soaring high in the sky in big groups called kettles that can number in the thousands. It’s quite a spectacular sight!
You’ll also notice Red-tailed Hawks and American Kestrels more frequently as they hunt for small mammals over fields and open spaces. It’s a great time for birdwatching, and places like Indiana’s Dunes National Park, Morgan-Monroe State Forest, and Summit Lake State Park are perfect spots to see these beautiful birds of prey as they make their way south for the winter.
Local Birds Preparing for Winter
As migratory birds start their seasonal journeys, Indiana's local bird populations, including the Northern cardinal, blue jay, and black-capped chickadee, are adapting to cooler temperatures. These resilient year-round residents are modifying their behavior and foraging techniques to thrive in the changing landscape. If you enjoy seeing more of these birds, putting out suet cakes can be exciting for both you and the birds!
The Backyard Birds
This time of year, backyard birders begin noticing some exciting changes among their feathered friends at their feeders! With insects and seeds becoming harder to find, many familiar gatherers—like mourning doves, house finches, and American goldfinches—are showing up more frequently. The American goldfinch, in particular, undergoes a color transformation, changing from its bright yellow attire to a cozy olive-brown as it gets ready for the winter chill.
But it's not just seed eaters that brighten our yards! Indiana's woodlands welcome a wide variety of woodpeckers during this season. Keep an eye out for the downy, hairy, and red-bellied woodpeckers as they hunt for insects tucked away beneath tree bark. These birds not only add character to our backyards but also love to visit feeders stocked with suet. It’s a fun time to connect with nature and enjoy the vibrant life right outside our windows.
The Impact of Weather and Habitat Change
Fall migration is a beautiful and exciting time to observe nature. However, it also serves as a gentle reminder of how delicate our bird populations can be in the face of climate change and habitat loss. Changes in fall temperatures, shifting rain patterns, and the development of our natural spaces for human activities can all affect how birds migrate. Sometimes, they might arrive later than usual, or in some cases, they might choose to stay put if the weather is just right.
Protecting vital habitats along migratory flyways is more important now than ever. In Indiana, conservation efforts like restoring wetlands and safeguarding native forests are making a difference. These actions help ensure that our feathered friends have safe places to rest and refuel on their seasonal journeys.
How to Spot Fall Migrants in Indiana
For those eager to witness this incredible shift in bird populations, there are several places in Indiana that are hotspots for fall migration:
Indiana Dunes National Park: A great place in Northern Indiana to spot waterfowl, songbirds, and raptors.
Cedar Creek Conservation Area: Near Fremont, Indiana this location is ideal for waterfowl and other wetland species.
Morgan-Monroe State Forest: A prime location for observing hawks and songbirds, this Martinsville, Indiana, location is a great getaway for bird lovers.
Pine Hills Nature Preserve: Just southwest of Crawfordsville, Pine Hills is known for attracting a wide variety of fall migrants.
Summit Lake State Park: A surprising array of wildlife flourishes in this location just outside New Castle, Indiana. Bald eagles, sandhill cranes, wood ducks, red-tail hawks and various other migratory bird and wildlife thrive here.
Big Oaks National Wildlife Refuge: Perfect for spotting raptors, ducks, and waterfowl.
Birdwatching enthusiasts can also participate in fall bird counts, a citizen science effort that tracks migration patterns and provides valuable data for researchers and conservationists.
Websites like eBird make it easy to report sightings, contributing to a broader understanding of bird populations and migration trends.
Fall as a Time of Change and Connection
The fall season in Indiana inspires birdwatchers to witness the remarkable rhythms of nature as birds migrate through the state. Watching a flock of sparrows dance among the trees, or listening to the trumpeting geese passing overhead fills us with a special sense of wonder.
By observing the shifting bird populations between late summer and early winter, we deepen our connection to the natural world and gain valuable insight into the delicate balance sustaining these beautiful creatures. As autumn unfolds in Indiana, take a moment to step outside, look up, and celebrate the extraordinary journey of the birds that grace our state, if only for a fleeting time until they return in spring.
If you are interested in perennials, trees and shrubs that provide food and shelter for birds, stop in one of the Wasson Garden Centers and chat with any of our garden specialists for information and recommendations. Our staff of horticulturalists and master gardeners are passionate about sharing knowledge and helping people create spaces that support pollinators and the nature around us.